The observed labeled cell bodies were comparable in size and appeared in clusters, as previously described by Vavrek et al. (2007). The primary and secondary motor cortices (M1/M2) did not exhibit labeled neurons in any groups. Only one animal, from the AC group, was found to have FG-positive neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). In the brainstem, animals from the AC group showed labeled neurons in the spinal vestibular nucleus (SpVe), lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe), caudal and rostral pontine reticular nuclei (PnO/PnC)

and animals from the AT group exhibited FG-positive neurons in the dorsal and ventral medullary reticular fields selleck inhibitor (MdD/MdV), raphe nuclei (Ra), SpVe, LVe and PnO/PnC nuclei. In the 2-week delayed groups, FG-labeled neurons were observed in the LVe nuclei of the 2WDC group and in the PnO/PnC of the 2WDT group. The 4WDC group exhibited few FG-positive neurons in the LVe nuclei, while no labeled neurons were observed in any studied areas of the 4WDT group (Table 1). Animals transplanted with both types of lamina propria had most evident 5-HT immunostained fibers in the rostral stump of longitudinal spinal cord sections (AC—0.9 ± 0.2; AT—1.0 ± 0.5; 2WDC—0.5 ± 0.3; 2WDT—0.4 ± 0.0;

4WDC—0.7 ± 0.2; 4WDT—0.6 ± 0.0). A GFAP negative region delineated the injured area in the spinal cord and, in most animals, 5-HT fibers did not extend beyond the vicinity of the lesion border (AC—0.00 ± 0.0; AT—0.01 ± 0.0; 2WDC—0.00 ± 0.0; 2WDT—0.01 ± 0.0; 4WDC—0.03 ± 0.0; 4WDT—0.02 ± 0.0). Moreover, in the majority of slices analyzed, no 5-HT labeled axons GSK1349572 chemical structure were found in the caudal stump (AC—0.00 ± 0.0; AT—0.00 ± 0.0; 2WDC—0.01 ± 0.0; 2WDT—0.01 ± 0.0; 4WDC—0.00 ± 0.0; Thalidomide 4WDT—0.00 ± 0.0) (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). No differences were detected in the 5-HT immunoreactivity of the rostral, lesion and caudal regions of spinal cord when all groups were compared (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.37; p = 0.73; p = 0.34, respectively) (Fig. 6). As expected, ascending sensory fibers immunostained

by CGRP were detected in the caudal stump of the experimental groups (AC—1.27 ± 0.3; AT—1.08 ± 0.3; 2WDC—1.42 ± 0.6; 2WDT—1.42 ± 0.8; 4WDC—0.87 ± 0.2; 4WDT—1.10 ± 0.2). There were considerable levels of CGRP fibers in the lesion region (AC—1.71 ± 0.4; AT—1.37 ± 0.3; 2WDC—0.88 ± 0.2; 2WDT—1.19 ± 0.1; 4WDC—0.85 ± 0.2; 4WDT—1.75 ± 0.5), showing that both OLP and RLP transplantation stimulated the growth/sprouting of CGRP fibers in animals submitted to SCI. In the rostral stump, CGRP immunoreactive fibers were also detected in all groups, but particularly in the AT and 2WDC groups (AC—1.56 ± 0.9; AT—3.58 ± 2.1; 2WDC—4.10 ± 3.0; 2WDT—1.40 ± 0.6; 4WDC—1.79 ± 0.9; 4WDT—1.29 ± 0.5) (Fig. 3 and Fig. 5).