001). Although

apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF were not affected by treatment (P > 0.53, Exp. 2), SRU increased fecal N excretion (49.6 vs. 45.6 g/d; P = 0.04) and reduced apparent total tract N digestibility (61.7 vs. 66.0%; P = 0.003). Transfer of urea from the blood to the gastrointestinal tract occurred for both treatments in Exp. 1 and 2 at all time points with the exception for 0.5 h after dosing of urea in Exp. 1, when urea was actually transferred from the BLZ945 manufacturer gastrointestinal tract to the blood. In both Exp. 1 and 2, both urea and SRU treatments increased arterial urea concentrations from 0.5 to 6 h after feeding, but arterial urea concentrations were consistently less with SRU ( treatment x time P < 0.001, Exp. 1; P = 0.007, Exp. 2). Net portal ammonia release remained relatively consistent across the entire sampling period with SRU treatment, whereas urea treatment increased portal ammonia release in Exp. 1 and tended to have a similar effect in Exp. 2 ( treatment x time P = 0.003 and P = 0.11, respectively). Urea treatment also increased hepatic ammonia uptake

within 0.5 h (treatment x time P = 0.02, Exp. 1); however, increased total splanchnic release of ammonia for the 2 h after urea treatment dosing suggests that PDV ammonia flux may have exceeded hepatic capacity for JNK-IN-8 inhibitor removal. Slow-release urea reduces the rapidity of ammonia-N release and may reduce shifts in N metabolism associated with disposal of ammonia. However, SRU increased fecal N excretion and increased urea transfer to the gastrointestinal tract, possibly by reduced SRU hydrolysis or effects on digestion patterns. Despite this, the ability of SRU to protect against the negative effects of urea feeding may be efficacious in some feeding applications.”
“Purpose: To assess whether carotid plaque hemorrhage depicted with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was associated with thromboembolic activity

as assessed with transcranial Doppler imaging.

Materials and Methods: The local research ethics committee approved the study, and all patients gave informed written consent. Between April 2005 and December 2006, patients with high-grade symptomatic carotid stenosis were prospectively selleck inhibitor recruited. All underwent MR imaging of the carotid arteries for plaque hemorrhage and diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain. Transcranial Doppler imaging of the symptomatic carotid artery was performed over 1 hour to assess the presence of microembolic signal. To determine the relationship between the presence of plaque hemorrhage and diffusion-weighted imaging-positive signal and presence of microembolic signal, a logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results: Fifty-one patients (23 women and 28 men; mean age 6 standard deviation, 72 years 6 11) underwent complete MR imaging; 46 (86%) of these patients underwent complete transcranial Doppler imaging.