2.?ExperimentalFigure 1 shows the nearly experimental moreover setup (a) and the DMA (differential mobility analyzer; Wyckoff Co., Ltd.) equipped with a Faraday cup (FC) for the aerosol measurement. Since Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the size range was found to below 100 nm in the previous study [19], the DMA was optimized to measure aerosols smaller than 100 nm. The experimental setup consisted of the plasma reactor, power supply, oscilloscope, and gas cylinders. A cylindrical surface discharge plasma reactor was used in this study. The inner diameter and effective length of the quartz tube were 15 mm and 200 mm, respectively. A coil-type electrode (0.45 mm diameter) was set at the inner surface of the quartz tube, which served as a high-voltage electrode.

Silver paste was painted on the outer surface of the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries reactor as a ground electrode.

The plasma reactor was energized with AC high-voltage. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries The input signal from the function generator (Tektronix, AFG 310) was amplified 2000-fold by a Trek 20/20B amplifier, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and then applied to the plasma reactor. The charge Q was measured with a capacitor of 1��F connected in series to the grounded line of the plasma reactors. The discharge power (W) dissipated in the plasma reactor was measured by V-Q Lissajous figure method. Specific input energy (SIE), discharge Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries power (W) transferred to the unit Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries gas flow rate (liters per min; LPM), is calculated from the following equation:Specific input energy (J/L)=discharge power (watt)gas flow rate (L/min)��60(1)Figure 1.

Schematic diagram of the experimental setup (a) and differential mobility analyzer (DMA) Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and Faraday cup (FC) for aerosol measurement (b).

The units of J/L can be converted into Wh/Nm3 by multiplying by a factor of 3.6. Applied voltage and discharge current were measured using a digital oscilloscope (Tektronix, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries TDS 3032) connected with AV-951 a high voltage probe (Tektronix, P6015A) and an current probe (Pearson Electronics Inc., Model 2877), respectively.The shape of the aerosol was measured using field-emission Anacetrapib scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; TOPCON Co. Model DS-720). The discharge with N2 gas became unstable with time as the deposition of solid products occurred on the inner surface of the plasma reactor.

Considering this property, aerosol sampling chemical information time was varied from about 30 min for N2 to about 120 min for air. The chemical structure of the aerosol was measured using a Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) spectrometer sellckchem (Perkin Elmer, Spectrum One). The diffractive reflectance cell was purged with pure nitrogen (2 LPM) during the measurements. The spectrum data were taken by averaging 60 scans with the resolution of 2
Francisella tularensis is a tiny, pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for epizootics of tularemia. F.