3-1.4 degrees C) decrease of T-b. Benzodiazepine diazepam as the GABA(A)-positive allosteric modulator and CGP 62349 as the selective antagonist of GABA(B) receptors were used to determine if their well-known anticonvulsant properties also affect hypothermia elicited by these drugs. Finally, during the course of spontaneous rewarming from deep hypothermia, another selective GABA(B)-blocking agent, CGP 35348, was used to elucidate if GABA(B) inhibitory system could be critically implicated in the generation of hypothermia-dependent spike and waves. Diazepam

GSK461364 chemical structure prevented both the PTZ-induced hypothermia and electrographic absence seizures, but these two beneficial effects did not occur in the GHB model. Even though diazepam delayed GHB-induced maximal temperature decrease, the GHB effects

MAPK inhibitor remained highly significant. The GABA(B) antagonist CGP 62349 completely prevented hypothermia as well as absence seizures in both chemical models. Likewise, spike and wave discharges, registered during the spontaneous rewarming from deep hypothermia, were completely prevented by CGP 35348. These findings show that systemic hypothermia should definitely be regarded as a marker of GABA(B) receptor activation. Moreover, the results of this study clearly show that initial mild temperature decrease should be considered as strong absence-provoking factor. Hypothermia-induced nonconvulsive seizures also highlight the importance of continuous EEG monitoring in children undergoing therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Since every change in peripheral or systemic temperature ultimately must be perceived by preoptic region of the anterior hypothalamus as the primary thermoregulatory and sleep-inducing

center, the preoptic thermosensitive neurons in general and warm-sensitive neurons in particular, simply have to be regarded as the most probable candidate for connected thermoregulatory and absence generating mechanisms. Therefore, additional studies https://www.selleck.cn/products/iwr-1-endo.html are needed to confirm their potential role in the generation and propagation of absence seizures. (C) 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Overall and regional cortical thinning has been observed at the first break of schizophrenia. Due to the fact that structural abnormalities in the insular cortex have been described in schizophrenia, we investigated insular thickness anomalies in first episode schizophrenia. Participants comprised 118 schizophrenia patients and 83 healthy subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans (1.5 T) were obtained, and images were analyzed by using BRAINS2. The contribution of sociodemographic, cognitive and clinical characterictics was controlled. Schizophrenia patients demonstrated a significant right insular thinning, and a significant group by gender interaction was found for left insular thickness. Post-hoc comparisons revealed that male schizophrenia patients had a significant left insular thinning compared with healthy male subjects.