3 (20%) lesions could be snared without dissection, 3 lesions had to be dissected completely, and the remaining 9 had partial dissection followed by snaring. All lesions were nonpolypoid (IIa=60%, IIb=33%, and IIc=7%). They were precisely isolated in the patients with long-segment (33% of patients), short-segment (20%) and islands (47%) of Barretts. Pathology showed HGD in 4, T1a in 5, T1b in 4 and LGD in 2 patients. There was no residual in any patient; one follow-up is pending. Standardized ESD-U of early neoplasia of Barretts is feasible, safe and able to achieve R0 resection rates. The border of the neoplasia can

be identified using currently Selleck BTK inhibitor available IEE techniques. “
“Possibility of submucosal endoscopic myotomy for esophageal achalasia was reported by Pasricha

J et al. using porcine model, and then present authors developed clinical application of peroral endoscopic myotomy (P.O.E.M) for esophageal stenotic motility disorders including achalasia. A single institute registered prospectively study (UMIN 000001901) was carried out in Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital. From September 2008 and November 2012, 300 consecutive cases (except one) of esophageal achalasia received POEM. Only one case received laparoscopic Heller Dor surgery because of patient’s GSK2118436 cell line wish. Male was 127 cases and female was 173 cases. Average age was 45 y.o. (from 3 to 87 y.o.). Suffering period from dysphagia was 10.1 years on average (0.4-62.4). 41 cases of sigmoid achalasia were involved. Ten consecutive surgical failures also received POEM. Initial success rate of POEM was 98.2% (Eckerdt score<3)

and final success rate was 100%. In 5 cases second POEM procedure was successfully carried out. The reasons for second POEM procedure were either incomplete myotomy at primary POEM (2 cases) or advanced sigmoid achalasia (3 cases). Second POEM improved Eckerd score below 3 in all cases. Operating time was 110.2 (50-245 min). Length of myotomy was 14.1 cm on average (esophagus 11.2 cm, stomach 2.9 cm). Major complication was nothing. buy Decitabine 9 minor complications were experienced; one pneumothorax due to air insufflation, one intramucosal hematoma, one local peritonitis at lessor omentum and 6 mucosal injuries during the procedure. All of them are conservatively treated. Eckerdt score was 6.13 before POEM and dramatically decreased 1.37 in 2 months later, and 1.33 in one year later (statistically significant, Wilcoxon, Signed-ranks test, P<0.01). LES resting pressure was 27.3 mmHg before POEM and reduced to 13.4 mmHg after POEM (statistically significant, Paired T test, P<0.01). 4.9% in 300 cases received regular dose PPI to control post-POEM GERD. In all cases GERD symptom were easily controlled. There is no severe GERD which needs laparoscopic fundoplication. Final success rate (Eckerdt score<3) of POEM in 300 cases was 100% and middle-term outcome of POEM was excellent with no recurrence of dysphagia.