Dr. WAI was asked to close his eyes and generate the mental image of the picture of a building he had inspected for 10 s. When he was ready, he had

to identify the picture among three other pictures of similar buildings. The task included 20 items. He correctly identified 19 of 20 stimuli (see Table 2). The ability to generate an image from long-term EPZ-6438 purchase memory was assessed by asking the subject to draw a map of his actual and childhood home. Dr. WAI was able to draw a map of his present home; but, he was unable to draw a map of his childhood home in which he lived for 15 years. Even after three attempts, his drawing was very implausible (see Figure 2). Only in the fourth attempt and after a lot of time Dr. WAI has succeeded in realizing a correct drawing. We assessed the ability to inspect a visual mental image using the Letter Inspection Test (Nori, Piccardi, Palermo, Guariglia, & Giusberti, ). Dr WAI was asked to imagine a lowercase letter of the Latin alphabet printed on a sheet of a ruled notebook and to inspect the image to determine whether the letter fit between the two lines or whether parts of the letter extended beyond the upper or lower line (i.e., ‘Imagine writing the letter “d”

in lower case. Does the “d” occupy one or two rows?’). In the training session, he was shown the size of the ruled sheet and the letters. The task included 20 items (score range PI3K inhibitor was 0–20). Dr. WAI’s performance was significantly Cytidine deaminase worse than that of controls as shown in Table 2. The ability to transform a mental image was assessed by means of Mental Rotation Test (based on Thurstone’s primary mental ability test cards; Thurstone, 1937;

described in Palermo et al., 2010). Dr. WAI was asked to choose the figures that corresponded to the target when mentally rotated from five alternatives. The task included 20 items. Also in this test, Dr. WAI performed worse than controls (see Table 2). To assess the ability to learn and remember spatial locations during navigation we used Walking Corsi Test (WalCT: Piccardi et al., 2008). In WalCT, Dr. WAI had to reproduce a path shown by the examiner and to stop at different locations. Results showed that Dr. WAI’s short-term memory did not differ from that of controls. Both Dr. WAI’s learning and delayed recall after 5 min were comparable to those of controls (see Table 2). Dr. WAI was also asked to perform the human version of the Morris Water Maze Test (Guariglia, Piccardi, Iaria, Nico, & Pizzamiglio, 2005; Nico et al., 2008) that required memorizing and retrieving a target location in a rectangular room. The walls were completely covered by curtains to mask the door, windows, and any feature that could be used as a reference point during navigation. Dr.