From Equations (6) and (12) we can deduce that Cj, Cj1 and Cj2 have the identical corresponding sub-keys Dj and Aj.(3) Calculate Pj1��Pj2=((Cj1��Aj)>>>Dj)��((Cj2��Aj)>>>Dj)=(Cj1��Cj2)>>>DjFrom Equations selleck chemicals llc (10) and (11), Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries we can obtain that:Cj1��Cj2=0?0��50bitsf2j11f2j��14bits(13)Therefore, we can determine the value of Dj by searching the position of f2j11f2j
Random hole optical fibers (RHOFs) [1,2], being a new class of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) [3,4] with their in-vivo generation of thousands of holes randomly distributed in the cladding while being drawn from a glass preform, have significantly reduced the fabrication difficulties compared with ordered-hole PCFs. Their counterparts, the ordered-hole PCFs, are commonly made by stacking tubes in a strict order and drawing the fiber from the tube array preform.
During the fabrication of the ordered-hole Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries PCFs, especially for the fibers guided by the photonic bandgap effect, any tiny disorder may result in serious degradation of the light guiding ability. Thus, because of their random nature of the hole arrangement in the cladding, RHOFs do not suffer the same penalty from the strict ordering requirements in the ordered-hole PCFs, significantly reducing the fabrication difficulties. With the unique advantages of the random hole structure in the cladding, RHOFs have shown great potential for a variety of sensing applications including gas sensing applications [5] and nuclear applications [6].Unlike the critical requirements for photonic bandgap fibers, the random holes, ranging from nanometers up to micrometers in diameter, serve to reduce the effective refractive index of the cladding.
As a result, light is guided in the core region, where the refractive Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries index is higher than that of the cladding, by an index-guiding mechanism. An SEM Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries micrograph of a piece single-mode RHOF endface is shown in Figure 1(a) and the magnified random holes are shown in Figure 1(b). From Figure 1, a large number of holes can be seen randomly distributed in the cladding. Like ordered-hole PCFs, the RHOF can be designed into excellent sensors for gas, chemical and biological sensing by introducing these sensing molecules into the random holes [5]. Especially when the RHOF is written with a long period grating (LPG), this proposed device is expected to have a higher sensitivity than an LPG written in regular fibers because it has a larger interaction area inside the random holes with the sensing medium.
Moreover, previous Cilengitide studies have also shown that the RHOFs have very low bending loss compared with regular telecommunication fibers [7], and thus RHOF-based sensors can be developed for bend-sensitive applications with the requirement of very small bending radius.Figure 1.(a) An SEM micrograph of a random hole optical fiber. selleck chem inhibitor (b) Magnified random holes.