Likewise, it is likely that our analyses may have missed even more subtle differences in functional connectivity that may exist Apoptosis Compound Library molecular weight between BAs 44 and 45, due to factors such as spatial smoothing, or the limits of our image resolution. However, the data-driven clustering analyses also did not distinguish between BAs 44 and 45 on the basis of their RSFC, even when the analyses were repeated using data that had not been spatially smoothed. Thus, it does not appear that the failure to distinguish between these two areas is due to the smoothness of the data. Future studies may consider acquiring data with greater spatial resolution than the 3 × 3 × 3-mm voxel size employed in the present study. Another possibility

is that the considerable interindividual variability in morphometry of the ventrolateral frontal region (i.e. the presence or absence of particular sulci and gyri, and their arrangement; Amunts et al., 1999; Tomaiuolo et al., 1999; Keller et al., 2007) may have contributed to these findings. However, we took several steps to minimize the impact of such variability, including manual determination of seed placement on the basis of local sulcal and gyral anatomy, and use of non-linear registration to the template (MNI) brain. Finally, as methods for integrating information about both structural (e.g. DTI) and functional connectivity are developed,

we may be better able to elucidate the subtle distinctions between adjacent, functionally similar regions such as BAs 44 and 45. To summarize, we observed Protease Inhibitor Library a striking dissociation between the orofacial component of the ventral premotor cortex (BA 6) and Broca’s region (BAs 44 and 45) in terms of their patterns of RSFC that was consistent with predictions from experimental anatomical studies of the monosynaptic connectivity of homologous areas in the macaque monkey. We were also able to uncover some of the differences in functional connectivity between areas 44 and 45. These observations add to a growing list of studies, anatomical and functional, that are changing the traditional conceptualization of how the different components of Broca’s region interact with parietal and temporal cortical areas that are

involved in different aspects of language processing. These results also provide further support for the utility O-methylated flavonoid of resting state functional connectivity in delineating complex neural circuits in the human brain in vivo. We would like to thank Pierre Bellec, Alexander Cohen and Cameron Craddock for helpful discussions and suggestions. This study was partially supported by grants from the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH066393, T32MH067763) to F.X.C. and by the Leon Levy Foundation (F.X.C. and M.P.M.), a CIHR grant (MOP-14620) to M.P. and a National Institute on Drug Abuse grant (R03DA024775-01) awarded to C.K. L.Q.U. is supported by a Mosbacher Postdoctoral Fellowship and NIMH award number K01MH092288.