ls on every single of 4 days. In every trial, a rat was positioned into the water facing the pool wall, randomly from each and every of four starting up positions. The trial was terminated as well as latency was recorded once the rat uncovered the platform inside of 180 s. Otherwise, the trial was terminated plus the rat was led to your platform. Over the fifth day, the rats received a probe trial through which the platform was eliminated. The rat was placed to the water as in advance of to check its memory concerning the past position in the platform. Histology After the Morris water maze check, 3 rats from each group have been perfused with heparinized saline to remove blood in the vasculature, then with 4% paraformal dehyde in phosphate buffered saline. The entire brain was then eliminated and stored from the exact same fixative.

Right after paraffin embedding, five um sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Morphologic adjustments of hippocampal describes it neurons were examined employing light microscopy. For cell counting from H E stained sections, 9 consecutive substantial power fields have been sampled through the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Cells that has a dis tinct nucleus and nucleolus were regarded as intact neurons. Neurons had been counted utilizing a microscope at 400× magnification. The extent of cell death was esti mated from the count of intact cells divided from the total cell count. SOD exercise assay After Morris water maze test, 4 rat brains from each and every group have been harvested. The hippocampi were homogenized with usual saline. Then SOD activity was detected employing 0. 05 ml of 1% homogenate according towards the guide of SOD assay kit.

The absorbance of samples at 550 nm was detected which has a spectrophotometer. The protein information was measured by the technique of coomassie our site brilliant blue. MDA content material assay Hippocampal MDA content material was detected according to the guide of the maleic dialdehyde assay kit. Soon after Morris water maze test, brains have been removed. The hippocampi were homogenized with regular saline. MDA content was detected employing 0. 2 ml of 10% homogenate. The absorbance at 532 nm was detected with all the spectrophotometer. The protein material was measured from the method of coomas sie brilliant blue. Metal articles detection Following Morris water maze test, 3 rat brains from every single group were harvested. Every hippocampus was dissected and stored at ?80 C until metal examination. To detect metal contents within the brain, the hippocampus was weighed and homogenized in two ml of ddH2O.

All homogenates have been digested in 8 ml g?one wet brain of 25% tetraethyl ammo nium hydroxide alternative at 80 C for 24 h, and the mixture was then adjusted to a last volume of 10 ml with ddH2O and diluted 5 times just before evaluation. The examined metals were Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn and have been analyzed by in ductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In order to avoid interference of metal ions, o