Median CD4 cell counts were 495 (338-660) cells/μL at the initial biopsy and 540 (427-700) cells/μL at the follow-up biopsy (P = 0.021). At baseline, 88 (60%) patients showed undetectable plasma HIV RNA and 107 (73%) reached plasma HIV viremia below the detection level at the second biopsy (P = 0.018). Twenty-nine (20%) patients at the first biopsy and 28 (19%) subjects at the second biopsy were not under ART (P = 0.882). The stage of liver fibrosis at the initial and follow-up biopsies were as follows: stage 0, 29 (20%) versus18 (12%); stage 1, 49 (34%) versus 39 (27%); stage 2, 27 (19%) versus 42 (29%); stage 3, 30

(21%) versus 24 (16%); and stage 4, 11 (7.5%) versus 23 (16%) (P = 0.019). Among 69 patients who received

therapy against HCV, 4 (5.8%) achieved SVR and 26 (38%) ETR. Table 3 compares those with https://www.selleckchem.com/screening/stem-cell-compound-library.html and without steatosis progression. CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV RNA, and use of ART were not related with HS progression. Cumulative exposure to dideoxynucleoside analogs (i.e., didanosine, stavudine, or zalcitabine) and efavirenz was associated with HS progression (Table 3; Fig. 2). Progression of fibrosis one or more stages was not associated with HS progression AUY-922 nmr (Table 3). Increases in median FPG were significantly higher among patients with HS progression (Table 3). Changes in BMI, TGs, and cholesterol were not associated with HS progression (Table 3). After the multivariate analysis, cumulative exposure to dideoxynucleoside analogs and increases in FPG were independently related with progression of HS (Table 3). An analysis

excluding patients with baseline cirrhosis yielded similar results (data not shown). The median (IQR) NAS score was 3 (3-4) for the first biopsy and 4 (3-4) for the follow-up biopsy (P = 0.002; refer to Supporting Table 3 for associations with baseline steatohepatitis). The NAS score increased in 65 (45%) and decreased in 35 (24%) individuals check details between the initial and final biopsy. Steatohepatitis was detected in 24 (16%) patients in the first biopsy and in 27 (18%) subjects in the final biopsy (P = 0.602). Steatohepatitis persisted in 9 (38%) of 24 patients. Among 122 individuals without steatohepatitis initially, 18 (15%) showed progression (refer to Supporting Table 4 for detailed changes in NAS scores between biopsies). Persistence of or progression to steatohepatitis was related with fibrosis progression (Table 4). There was a nonsignificantly longer exposure to dideoxynucleoside analogs and to ART among patients with persistent or progressive steatohepatitis (Table 4). Eleven (14%) patients with ART for <4 years and 10 (25%) subjects with ART for ≥4 years showed steatohepatitis persistence or progression (P = 0.119). After the multivariate analysis, the only variable independently associated with persistent or progressive steatohepatitis was liver fibrosis progression (Table 4).