Our study results demonstrate that CB and rigid TC yield comparable results with regard to quality of the histologic assessment and artifacts. Although EUS with FNA is firmly established for diagnosis and staging of pancreatic neoplasms, the diagnosis often is made based on cytology. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy can vary because of small tissue samples and artifacts. Because of the limitations of cytology,

several centers use on-site cytology to determine whether an adequate specimen has been obtained.1, 3 and 8 Studies have shown variable success rates in acquiring histologic specimens from the pancreas17 and subepithelials lesions.18 The recently developed ProCore (Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, IN) needle can improve histology acquisition,19 with Nivolumab research buy a very high rate of specimens suitable for histologic analysis (89.5%) by using a 19-gauge needle. At least the latter figure was substantially lower when a 22-gauge ProCore needle was used in a recent randomized trial (62% core-like tissue).20 However, a large, retrospective study that used a conventional, 22-gauge needle was able to demonstrate quite similar results (60%).17 Thus, results are variable, and there is still a need for a needle providing reliable

tissue samples for histologic analysis in multiple selleck chemicals llc subsequent studies. EUS-CB might prove to be a valuable technology in that context. EUS-CB has the potential to achieve specimens adequate for histologic examination with a single pass technique and might increase the diagnostic yield for lymph node and subepithelial tumor acquisition. A single pass technique has the potential to improve feasibility and safety of EUS-guided biopsy. However, targeting of smaller lesions might be a problem, which could result in multiple punctures and a potential for increased complications or tissue artifacts of the acquired specimens. Further research is necessary to evaluate CB for such small lesions. CB might allow for reliable immunohistochemical analysis for such lesions. Flexible Inositol monophosphatase 1 TC probes can improve quality and size of specimens

compared with FNA, but the literature lacks good quality comparative studies.7, 21, 22, 23 and 24 More recent studies have looked into modified needle designs (Cook, Echotip ProCore) in order to obtain histology specimens.19 However, for EUS-FNA with conventional 22-gauge needles, several needle passes remain standard,25 and specimens often yield specimens useful for cytology only.17 and 26 Outcomes of this study indicate proof-of-principle that the EUS-CB prototype can achieve reliable histologic specimens of normal pancreatic parenchyma with a single-pass puncture. In this animal study, the quality of the specimens was superior compared with EUS-FNA and even was associated with fewer artifacts.