These findings contribute new selleck chemicals evidence for HIV-testing components that are relevant for HIV guidelines, supporting CB rapid VCT and highlighting a role for more health facility-based rapid VCT for populations at high risk of exposure. More research is needed to examine the relative effectiveness of the three components within rapid VCT and to study the association of rapid VCT and uptake of HIV treatment and long-term viral suppression. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for funding this systematic review and synthesis. They would also like to acknowledge Joy Oliver of the Cochrane Collaboration HIV Review Group

for her expert librarian services and Kamila Premji for her helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Footnotes Contributors: KP conceived the study and received funding with VW, TR. KP and VW were involved

in the development and oversight of the statistical analysis plan and in the writing of the review. OM analysed the data and prepared the initial draft and revised the paper. GPD designed the data extraction tool, reviewed the studies for inclusion in the analysis and review of the draft. MT provided clinical HIV expertise and revised the draft paper. TR developed the search strategy used for identifying the relevant studies. GW reviewed and provided additional expertise for the complex intervention and statistical analysis plan. All authors approved the final version.

Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Competing interests: None. Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Until recently, the common procedure for tooth extraction in patients continuously receiving warfarin (WF) or other antiplatelet therapy was to discontinue or reduce the dose to minimise the risks of odontorrhagia. However, the procedure has been re-evaluated since cases of thromboembolic complications after dental extraction with WF cessation were reported.1–3 Thereafter, many studies, including randomised trials,4–6 cohort studies7–9 and meta-analyses,10–12 have AV-951 been conducted, all of which reported no significant differences in incidence of postextraction bleeding and/or other haemorrhagic complications, concluding that in patients whose prothrombin time–international normalised ratio (PT-INR) is within desirable therapeutic range, dental extraction can be performed safely without cessation of WF. Clinical guidelines published after these studies advised that patients whose PT-INR values were within the recommended therapeutic ranges should continue WF when undergoing dental extraction.