Those methods are expensive and poorly reproducible and actually, bacterial species can be classified with PCR and sequencing methods, particularly 16S rRNA sequences with internationally-validated cutoff [3]. More recently, an increasing number new bacterial genera and species have been described using high throughput genome sequencing and mass spectrometric kinase inhibitor Ceritinib analyses that allow access to the wealth of genetic and proteomic information [4,5]. In the past, studies have described new bacterial species and genera using genome sequencing, MALDI-TOF spectra, main phenotypic characteristics [6-23], and we propose here to describe a new species within the genus Anaerococcus in the same way. Here we present a summary classification and a set of features for A. pacaensis sp. nov.

strain 9403502T (= CSUR P122= DSM 26346) together with the description of the complete genomic sequencing and annotation. These characteristics support the circumscription of a novel species, Anaerococcus pacaensis sp. nov., within the genus Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Anaerococcus, and within the Clostridiales Family XI Incertae sedis. The genus Anaerococcus was first described in 2001 [24], and belongs to the Clostridiales Family XI Incertae sedis. This family is defined mainly on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of ARNr 16S sequences, and in the Anaerococcus genus, bacteria are all anaerobic gram positive cocci. Based on the comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the first closest related species to Anaerococcus pacaensis sp., nov., is Anaerococcus prevotii. It was first described in 1948 by Foubert and Douglas [25] and reclassified later in the genus Anaerococcus [24].

The second closest related species is A. octavius, which was described first as Peptostreptococcus octavius, isolated Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries from a human sample in 1998 by Murdoch et al [26]. It was later re-classified in the genus Anaerococcus, as A. octavius [24]. Classification and features A blood sample was collected from a patient during a study analyzing emerging anaerobes, with MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequencing [1]. The specimen was sampled in Marseille and preserved at -80��C after collection. Strain Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries 9403502T (Table 1) was isolated in July 2009, by anaerobic cultivation on 5% sheep blood-enriched Columbia agar (BioMerieux, Marcy l��Etoile, France). This strain exhibited a 95% nucleotide sequence similarity with Anaerococcus prevotii [24,25].

Those similarity values are lower than the threshold recommended to delineate a new genus without carrying out DNA-DNA hybridization [38]. In the inferred phylogenetic Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries tree, it forms a distinct lineage close to A. octavius (Figure 1). Table 1 Classification and general features Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of Anaerococcus pacaensis strain 9403502T GSK-3 Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of Anaerococcus pacaensis strain 9403502T relative to other type strains within the genus Anaerococcus.