When comparing the triptan exposed group and the migraine control group with the nonmigraine control group, no differences were found in low birth weight and prematurity. However, the

migraine control group was found to be more likely to have a stillbirth (adjusted OR 11.7; 95% CI, 2.8-49.5). The women in this group reported using triptans during the 6 months prior to pregnancy only, implying that a possible association between Roxadustat manufacturer inadequately treated migraine during pregnancy and the aforementioned pregnancy outcome might exist. On the other hand, an explanation might also be that their migraine symptoms ceased during early pregnancy. It is possible that some of the women in the migraine control group may have suffered from a hypercoagulable state known as the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome.38 The antiphospholipid syndrome is recognized as a major cause of miscarriage and pregnancy loss in late pregnancy, and 1 in 5 women suffering from recurrent miscarriages has this syndrome.38 Migraine is one of the most significant symptoms of this condition. Nevertheless, the stillbirth finding should be interpreted with caution and needs further investigation before any conclusions can be made. The fact that some women used triptans during the second and/or third www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html trimesters may imply that they

suffered from persistent and/or severe migrainous symptoms that did not cease by the end of the first trimester and that could not be adequately controlled by other drugs such as nonnarcotic or opioid analgesics. These women were found to be more likely to have an atonic uterus. Circulating serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) concentrations have been

found to selleck inhibitor be lower in migraineurs, at least in migraineurs with aura, and might be even lower in subjects with persistent and/or severe migraine.39 Serotonin is known to stimulate myometrial contractions via 5-HT2B receptors.40 At least in theory, this may be indicative of a possible link between the persistence and/or severity of migraine and impaired contractility of uterine muscles. Moreover, a study has shown a relaxant effect of serotonin on porcine myometrial muscles via the 5-HT7 receptors;40 a receptor group upon which also the triptans exert some agonist activity.41 Women who used triptans during the second and/or third trimesters were also more likely to have an extensive blood loss during labor. Atonic uterus is one of the primary causes of this condition as the uterine blood vessels fail to shorten and kink, and as a consequence the placental bed will not retract properly.42,43 In the present study, 94% of the patients with atonic uterus also had extensive blood loss.