5%). In-hospital death occurred in 1 patient (2.7%). HLHS infants often undergo abdominal surgery, but intraoperative instability and need for escalation of care is common. Specific echocardiographic findings were associated with length of stay and escalation of care. Regional anesthesia was associated with transient intraoperative instability but not with other adverse outcomes.”
“OBJECTIVE: To explore the consequences of translating the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) English core questionnaires on asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms into other languages.

DESIGN: ISAAC Phase III developed 49 language

translations for adolescents and 42 for children following standardised guidelines, GW4064 molecular weight which included back-translating the questionnaires into English to check their see more accuracy and meaning. Language deviations were categorised

and analysed with regard to influences on the reported symptom prevalence.

RESULTS: Category 1 deviations for one or more questions were found in seven translations (14%) for adolescents and in three translations (7%) for children. Data for these questions were excluded from the worldwide analyses. Category 2 deviations were identified in the publications, and Category 3 deviations were ignored.

CONCLUSIONS: Translations of questionnaires should follow a consistent protocol in global epidemiological research. Cultural norms need to be considered when evaluating back-translations into English, as disease labels are not available in every language, nor

are they understood in the same way. Deviations from literal translations of English should be permitted if the intent of the original meaning is retained. A web-based tool of medical terminology would be useful for international research BI 10773 datasheet requiring the use of translations.”
“A cerebellar role in spatial information processing has been advanced even in the absence of physical manipulation, as occurring in mental rotation. The present study was aimed at investigating the specific involvement of left and right cerebellar hemispheres in two tasks of mental rotation. We used continuous theta burst stimulation to downregulate cerebellar hemisphere excitability in healthy adult subjects performing two mental rotation tasks: an Embodied Mental Rotation (EMR) task, entailing an egocentric strategy, and an Abstract Mental Rotation (AMR) task entailing an allocentric strategy. Following downregulation of left cerebellar hemisphere, reaction times were slower in comparison to sham stimulation in both EMR and AMR tasks. Conversely, identical reaction times were obtained in both tasks following right cerebellar hemisphere and sham stimulations. No effect of cerebellar stimulation side was found on response accuracy. The present findings document a specialization of the left cerebellar hemisphere in mental rotation regardless of the kind of stimulus to be rotated.