ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the evolution of total IgE and specific IgE responses to house-dust mite (HDM) allergens and Ascaris in a birth cohort (Risk Factors for Asthma and Allergy in the Tropics, FRAAT), analyzing their relationships with PKC412 datasheet wheezing.

MethodsTotal and specific IgE were measured by ImmunoCap in mothers and children at four different time points (S1-S4) between 0 and 42months. Parasite infection was evaluated by stool examination.

ResultsMaternal total IgE (aOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.09-5.43; p=0.03) and socio-demographic factors were associated with high cord blood (CB) total IgE. High CB total IgE was positively associated

with higher Blomia tropicalis and Ascaris-specific IgE values during lifetime, but protected from recurrent wheezing (aOR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.88, p=0.03). Prevalence rates of IgE sensitization

were high; at around 3yr old, they were 33.3, 18.6, and 26.5% for B.tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Selleckchem Linsitinib and Ascaris, respectively. Indicators of unhygienic conditions were risk factors for HDM and Ascaris sensitization in children. A weak statistical association between B.tropicalis-specific IgE and ever wheezing was found (aOR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.00-2.28, p=0.05).

ConclusionsIn a socioeconomically deprived community from the tropics, sensitization to HDM allergens was very frequent at early life, especially to B.tropicalis. In contrast to expected according to the hygiene hypothesis, unhygienic/poverty conditions were risk factors for allergen sensitization. High CB total IgE levels were a risk factor for allergen sensitization but protected from recurrent wheezing.

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“Background and objective: Roflumilast, an oral, selective phosphodiesterase

4 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce exacerbations and improve pulmonary function in patients with COPD. This study examined the efficacy, safety and tolerability of roflumilast in Asian patients with COPD.

Methods: Patients with COPD were randomized 1:1 to enter a 12-week treatment period and receive BMS-777607 purchase either oral roflumilast, 500 mu g once daily, or placebo, following a single-blind, 4-week baseline period in which all patients received placebo. The primary end point was mean change in FEV(1) from baseline to each postran-domization visit during the treatment period. Other spirometric lung function measurements were evaluated as secondary end points. COPD exacerbations were monitored. Safety was assessed from clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, physical examination (including electrocardiogram) and monitoring of adverse events (AEs).

Results: Of 551 patients recruited, 410 were randomized and received at least one dose of study medication (roflumilast, n = 203; placebo, n = 207).