An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was performed to eva

An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was performed to evaluate anti-malaria

antibodies in blood samples.

Methods: Microscopic examinations were performed to identify the presence of malaria parasites. Antibodies against P. vivax were detected using IFAT, and blood samples from antibody-positive cases were tested using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that detects malaria parasites.

Results: A total of 5,797 blood samples were collected from residents in Gimpo-si. The positivity rate by IFAT was 2.16% (n = 125). Yangchon-myeon (3.28%) had the highest positivity rate of the seven administrative districts tested. Positivity rates increased with age (P Blasticidin S concentration < 0.05). Sixteen of the IFAT positive samples (12.80%, n = 125) were positive for malaria DNA according to PCR. Blood samples SCH772984 nmr with an antibody titer over 1: 256 had high positivity rates in the PCR analysis (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: These results indicate that antibody titers obtained using IFAT may provide useful information about the prevalence of P. vivax in low endemic areas and could be used to detect asymptomatic patients. Finding asymptomatic patients is important in eliminating vivax malaria in South Korea.”
“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) is a commercially important oilseed crop. Previous studies proved that this crop is a promising plant species for phytoextraction

of excess soil phosphorus (P) because of its superior P accumulating characteristics. Suppression

subtractive hybridization (SSH) strategy was employed to isolate and characterize genes that are induced in response to high P in this crop. SSH library was prepared using cDNA generated from plants treated with high P as the ‘tester’. Based on the results of dot blot analysis, 360 positive cDNA clones were selected from the SSH library for sequencing. A total of 89 non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified as high P-responsive genes and they were classified into 6 functional groups. Several genes involved in metabolism showed markedly preferential expression in the library. For further confirmation, thirteen of the representative ESTs were selected from all MRT67307 ic50 categories for RT-PCR analysis and the results showed up-regulation of these genes in response to high P-treatment. The gene expression data derived from this study suggested that several of the up-regulated genes identified under high P-treatment might be involved in P-accumulation and tolerance in this plant. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“We present molecular dynamics simulations of unliganded human hemoglobin (Hb) A under physiological conditions, starting from the R, R2, and T state. The simulations were carried out with protonated and deprotonated HC3 histidines His(beta)146, and they sum up to a total length of 5.6 mu s.

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