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For example, Wang et al. reported the synthesis of long single-wall CNTs with a maximum length of 18.5 cm, but there were substantial variations in CNT length [12]. Cao et al. reported an interesting approach for length-tunable CNT growth, but the length did not reach to millimeter scale [13]. Furthermore, several groups reported the methods for classifying long/short CNTs, but this was not applied to CNTs that were longer than 10 μm in length [14–17]. Secondly, due to the tight entanglement among CNTs, the dispersion of CNTs without Cell Cycle inhibitor CNT scission is difficult. Ultrasonic agitation, which has been typically employed as a dispersion method, is known to shorten CNTs as it disentangles

them [18]. Finally, there is no available method to measure the lengths of individual CNTs longer than 100 μm. CNTs with lengths of several micrometers have

been evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) [8–11, 14–17], but this method encounters extreme difficultly when obtaining statistically significant data for long CNTs. Using water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD), we reported the synthesis of a vertically aligned SWCNT array (SWCNT forest) with www.selleckchem.com/products/erastin.html height exceeding a millimeter [19]. The SWCNT forests possessed several excellent structural properties, such as long length, high purity, and high specific surface area. This development opened up the potential for various TPCA-1 solubility dmso new applications of CNTs, such as high-performance super-capacitors [20–23] and highly durable conductive rubbers [24, 25]. Subsequently, many groups reported the growth of long SWCNTs. For example, Zhong et al. reported the growth of SWCNT forests reaching 0.5 cm in length [26]. Hasegawa et al. reported growth of SWCNT forests of several millimeters in length without an etching agent (water) [27]. Numerous studies have also reported the synthesis of multiwalled CNT forests [28–30]. However, Interleukin-3 receptor the following points remain unclear at present: the correlations between forest height and (1) the actual CNT

length and (2) the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties after formation of CNT assemblies. In this research, we report the effect of the length of long CNTs on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Our results demonstrated a strong dependence of the SWCNT aggregate properties on the length. Specifically, buckypaper produced from 1,500 μm SWCNT forests exhibited approximately twice the electrical conductivity (52 vs. 27 S/m) and twice the tensile strength (45 vs. 19 MPa) of a buckypaper produced using 350 μm SWCNT forests. The use of an automated synthetic system equipped with height monitoring and dispersion strategy recently reported by Kobashi et al. [31] allowed overcoming the first two of the aforementioned issues, namely the required large quantity of long CNTs and CNT dispersion method to preserve length.